"Egypt is the gift of the Nile" as Hwrodotus once said
Almost 98% of the Egyptian population lives on less than 4% of the land, which would be the narrow strip of land that borders the banks of the Nile River. The rest of the country is pretty much desert, with the exception of some oases here and there, particularly in the western desert. Egypt lies on the northwestern corner of Africa. It boasts a long coastline on both the Mediterranean Sea to the North, and the Red Sea to the east. 

The Nile flows to the North, from the bowels of Africa, cutting into the Sudan, where Egypt borders the Sudan, up until it spills into the Mediterranean. North of Cairo, the Nile is split into two main branches: Damietta and Rosetta, creating the fertile Nile delta. The Nile basically splits Egypt into two unequal segments: the western desert which is the larger portion, and the eastern. 

To the west of Egypt, beyond the western desert, lies Libya. Sinai, the triangular peninsula situated in the top left hand corner of Egypt, is said to be in Asia. Sinai is bounded on the north by the Mediterranean, on the west by the Gulf of Suez and on the east by the Gaza strip, Israel and the Gulf on Aqaba. It is mainly desert but has some of the most beautiful underwater habitation. Apart from the mountains of Sinai, the land in Egypt is relatively flat. 

Mt. Catherine is the highest point of elevation, measuring 2650 meters above sea level. The Qattara Depression is the lowest, measuring 133 meters below sea level. Egypt occupies an area of 998,000 square kilometers, of which 96% is pure desert. With a few oases here and there, most of the farmland of Egypt is limited to the Nile Valley and Delta, which have rich fertile soils. The vast majority of remaining land is covered by infertile rocky or sandy soils that are unsuitable for agriculture.